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3. Organisms

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Understanding points

Species

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
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Binomial naming system: Genus species (e.g. Homo sapiens)
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*(AHL) Must have the same chromosome number or else problems in meiosis occur
A3.1 Diversity of organisms

Understanding points

Taxonomy

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Taxa: groups used to classify organisms
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Hierarchy of taxa: Domains – Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species
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Every organism that has evolved from a common ancestor is included in the same taxon
A3.2 Classification and cladistics

Understanding points

Ventilation, cell respiration, gas exchange

Ventilation
Exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs
Achieved by the physical act of breathing
B3.1 Gas exchange

Understanding points

Blood components

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Glucose, Dissolved gas, Urea, Hormones, Antibodies, Proteins

Blood vessels

B3.2 Transport

Understanding points

Muscle structure

B3.3 Muscle and motility

Understanding points

Levels of organisation

C3.1 Integration of body systems

Understanding points

Immunity

The ability of an organism to resist infection
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Pathogens: organisms that cause infectious disease
C3.2 Defence against disease

Understanding points

Modes of reproduction

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

D3.1 Reproduction

Understanding points

Homeostasis

Keeping a constant internal environment
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Positive Feedback - accelerates the concentration gap between the original and new level
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Negative Feedback - maintains the concentration of metabolites
D3.3 Homeostasis